With the characteristics of high combat cost ratio, low casualty risk and strong survival ability, the unmanned system has frequently appeared in recent local wars such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and the new round of Palestine-Israel conflict, and gradually evolved from a supporting role in the battlefield to one of the main battle forces. Anti-unmanned combat system refers to the defense system that uses technical means to monitor, disturb, lure, control and destroy enemy unmanned systems and equipment. Its key technologies include detection and early warning technology, countermeasure technology, battlefield geographic information system and anti-unmanned combat decision assistance technology.

1. Detection and early-warning technology 

Effective detection, identification, tracking and positioning are the prerequisite for anti-unmanned operations. Compared to manned aircraft, UAV has significant advantages: good stealth performance, strong penetration ability, high efficiency and cost ratio; small size, light weight, most non-metallic materials such as composite materials, only engine, motor, wire, battery and other metal, the radar scattering area is small, difficult to capture, reducing the radar detection distance and detection probability. However, the flight characteristics of the UAV, the infrared characteristics of the body, the sound emitted, the shadow in the sun and the transmitted radio signals can all be used as the means of the detection system. Therefore, radar, radio frequency, photoelectric, infrared and sound waves can be used to create "clairvoyant" and "wind ear" to find and detect the invasion of UAV in a certain airspace.

Detection early warning technology mainly includes the ground visual reconnaissance technology, radar detection and tracking technology, air early warning technology and satellite reconnaissance technology, etc., using these technologies of ground visual reconnaissance equipment, radar, air early warning aircraft and satellite ground-air reconnaissance network, the unmanned system detection tracking and early warning, for subsequent anti-drone operations to provide information intelligence support. At present, the main technical means used are radar detection and tracking, radio frequency detection and tracking, photoelectric detection and tracking, infrared detection and tracking, acoustic detection and tracking, combined sensor detection and tracking, etc. Different detection techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. Many affordable photoelectric sensors are limited to the direct sight of daylight operation and targets, as are many infrared and RF systems; RF and acoustic sensors use databases of known sound and frequency to detect unmanned systems, but the rapid development of new unmanned platforms prevents these databases from being fully updated; the sensitivity of sensors is also a problem, high sensitivity produces many false positives, and reduced sensitivity and transmission leads to underreporting. Therefore, different detection technologies are integrated to build a defense detection system, which is the development trend of unmanned system detection technology.

The main disadvantage of the current detection and early warning technology is the high false alarm rate, which requires continuous manual intervention. Therefore, the level of artificial intelligence and the accuracy of recognition must be improved. With the development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence technology has been applied to anti-unmanned systems to realize data analysis, semantic derivation and intelligent decision-making, especially the application of artificial intelligence technology to unmanned system detection, which can greatly improve the detection probability and recognition rate. The UAVX anti-UAV system developed by Black Core Technology uses different technologies, including Doppler radar, daylight and infrared camera, to detect, identify and track drones, and uses the technology to automatically classify UAV targets with artificial intelligence technology, which effectively reduces the false alarm and reduces the demand for human beings in the loop.

2. Countermeasure technology 

Countertechnology mainly includes hard killing technology, interference technology and camouflage deception technology.

One is the hard-kill technology. Hard damage technology mainly includes the uav missile technology, laser weapon technology, microwave weapon technology, combat uav technology and conventional fire damage technology, etc., using the technology of drone weapons and equipment of the ground-air fire strike network, on the basis of reconnaissance intelligence system information, take appropriate measures to use reasonable tactical tactics, fire destruction of unmanned system. The traditional means of anti-unmanned system is direct fire strike, including anti-aircraft machine gun, anti-defense missile system, laser weapon system, etc., with mature technology and stable performance. Anti-aircraft machine gun gun, anti-aircraft missile system, mainly used for large UAV interception strike. For small and medium-sized uav, mainly through laser weapons and other new technologies to strike, relying on strong laser irradiation uav, can destroy the target by damaging the target shell and internal circuit, has the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast response, high hit rate and low strike cost. Because laser weapons consume a lot of electricity, the miniaturization of energy storage devices is the key to their applications. Microwave radio frequency weapons have great potential for anti-unmanned system operations. By launching high-power microwaves, damaging the electronic components inside the unmanned system, or launching a series of microwave radiation, shooting down the drone fleet.

The second is the interference technology. Interference technology mainly includes photoelectric confrontation technology, control information interference technology and data chain interference technology, etc., using the technology of unmanned system effective interference, unmanned system of automatic driving and control system, communication system, power system failure, so as to reduce or even lose its main operational function. Interference technology is a technology that adopts specific means to make the unmanned system non-destructive failure. It is not only more effective economically, but also can even expel, deceive and trap the enemy unmanned system in a nondestructive state, with a wide attack range and remarkable combat performance. The conventional measures of countermeasures are electronic interference, electronic deception, or destruction of radio and electronic equipment by microwave weapons, and destruction of positioning and precision guidance systems. The main methods include communication or positioning and navigation system interference, remote control signal interference, telemetry signal interference, positioning system reference signal interference, radar interference and so on.

Relying only on a certain technology, it is difficult to cope with the complex and changeable battlefield needs and effectively kill various unmanned systems. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate various technologies to complement each other in combat effectiveness and make anti-unmanned operations more flexible and effective. At present, the biggest threat facing anti-UAV system technology is the drone "swarm". Traditional air defense systems are largely unable to cope with the saturation attacks of drones, which are both unresponsive and too expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to actively develop and introduce disruptive innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence and directional energy to counter the attack of UAV "swarm".

The third is the camouflage and deception technology. Discamouflage deception techniques mainly include optical, thermal, acoustic and electronic camouflage deception techniques. In the anti-unmanned system operation, the efficiency and effect of the opposing unmanned system are reduced by appropriately camouflage their own targets, thus reducing the combat effectiveness of the opposing unmanned system.

The increasing miniaturization and intelligence degree of unmanned system increase the difficulty of anti-unmanned system. Compared with traditional air-aircraft weapons, soft killing technologies such as jamming blocking and deception, as well as low-cost hard killing technologies such as directional energy weapons and net catching and impact, will be more adapted to the complex and changeable modern combat scenarios. The unmanned application of detection technology, the miniaturization of energy storage equipment and the low cost of killing technology will become the key to the large-scale application of anti-unmanned system. Intelligent missiles and intelligent unmanned aerial vehicles from detection and identification to strike can destroy or intercept enemy unmanned systems. The intelligent anti-drone aerial guidance engagement system produced by a US startup can launch "bombs" to meet the drone, and the missiles are synergistic and can accurately hit fast-moving targets in the air."No one against no one, and intelligence against intelligence" will be the key means to deal with unmanned war and maintain airspace security.

3. Battlefield geographic information systems 

The battlefield GIS is the premise and foundation of the anti-unmanned combat system, Mainly includes large battlefield data infrastructure, Unified coordinate system, data standards, and symbol system, Build land, sea, air and sky digital database, spatial geographic data service and exchange system, And the battlefield spatial geographic data framework and data standard system; The battlefield multidimensional spatial geographic information system, With large-scale, massive, multi-source data integrated management and fast 3 D real-time roaming functions, Support for battlefield three-dimensional space display, query, analysis, and operation, Provide high-resolution satellite images and high-precision elevation data, Support massive multiple batch of 3 D dynamic target rendering; Integration of battlefield geographic systems with remote sensing, global positioning, digital photogrammetry, expert systems, Integrating the mapping, remote sensing, mapping, geography, management, and scientific decision-making, Provide battlefield space data support for anti-unmanned combat decisions; Miniaturized, portable battlefield geIS equipment, Provide support for anti-unmanned combat end units or individual soldiers.

4. Anti-unmanned combat decision aid technology 

Using cloud computing, multimedia information processing, intelligent decision support and other technologies, we will build an anti-unmanned combat decision-making system to analyze and process perceptual data information. The key technologies of anti-unmanned combat decision aid system include cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data, middleware, etc. Among them, data management and processing technology is the core technology, which is data-centered, including various data storage, query, analysis, mining, understanding, and data-based decision-making and behavior technologies. Mainly includes: the application of knowledge reasoning and search solution and other artificial intelligence technology, Automate simple staff operations such as target lists, use equipment, action plans, and cost analysis, To achieve the machine-to-human decision-making suggestions; Establish AI models of various anti-unmanned combat units and command nodes, The antagonistic environment simulating a real battlefield, Automatic generation, multi-branch parallel deduction, and comprehensive analysis of the results, Get the comprehensive efficiency evaluation of the program; Mining of latent regularities from historical data using machine learning methods, Automatically match the action plan best fit for the current situation, Apply knowledge reasoning and search solution to automatically reason search disposal scheme and generate action instructions. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the technology of anti-unmanned system will also be organically combined with artificial intelligence, so that the anti-unmanned system can have autonomyThe ability to detect, analyze, judge and make decisions can not only make timely and autonomous response to known situations, but also make rapid response to emergency situations and emergencies. Through the development of unmanned intelligent weapon platform, the function of "unmanned against unmanned" and "intelligence to intelligence" is realized, and finally truly become an intelligent machine of anti-unmanned system

In order to efficiently complete the anti-unmanned combat tasks, multi-type, homogeneous and heterogeneous anti-unmanned combat systems need to cooperate with each other. How to realize the premise of tactical indicators, make the unmanned combat system with planning decision-making and coordination control function, programmed auxiliary decision control, according to the perception of target state and battlefield situation, real-time task assigned to the unmanned combat forces, make the unmanned combat system overall operational benefits, minimum cost, is the unmanned intelligent decision-making and collaborative operations need to consider key problem.

The existing anti-unmanned systems in the world mainly include signal interference, signal deception, remote control after signal cracking, hacking technology, uav capture device, laser weapons, high-energy microwave weapons, etc., which have different characteristics and effects due to the different technical routes adopted. In anti-unmanned system operations, it is crucial to locate the operator of the unmanned system in real time. This is because in future operations, drone operators will operate multiple drones at once. At present, the commonly used anti-unmanned system can locate the operator position of the unmanned system, and uses radar or other sensors to track and locate he target unmanned system. Depending on the different radio communication modes between the unmanned system and the operator, there are various ways to locate the operator.